简 述: 了解标准对话框和自定义的对话框的使用,书写一个简单地例子;然后写了一个小的Qt
例子,用来实现和验证它的空间的一些属性和功能的用法。
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本文初发于 “偕臧的小站“,同步转载于此。
系统环境:
编程环境: MacOS 10.14.6 (18G103)
编程软件: Qt 5.9.8
, Qt Creator 4.8.2
编程环境: win10 x64 专业版 1803
编程软件: Qt 5.9.8
,Qt Creator 4.8.2 (Enterprise)
标准对话框:
一个软件的设计,最后包含着很多的很多个窗体之间的交互,而且会有很多自定义的对话框和系统的标准消息对话框等出现,比如说:文件对话框,颜色对话框,字体对话框,消息对话框和确认对话框等等。
-
QFileDialog
文件对话框 -
QColorDialog
颜色对话框 -
QFontDialog
字体对话框 -
QInputDialog
输入对话框 -
QMessageBox
消息对话框
下面展示一下上面这些在windows
和macOS
上面的样式:
标准消息对话框:
QMessageBox::information(this, "信息消息对话框", "information对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Ok, QMessageBox::NoButton);
QMessageBox::warning(this, "警告消息对话框", "warning对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Ok, QMessageBox::NoButton);
QMessageBox::critical(this, "危机消息对话框", "critical对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Ok, QMessageBox::NoButton);
QMessageBox::about(this, "关于消息对话框", "abou 作者: 投我以木李,报之以琼玖");
QMessageBox::aboutQt(this, "关于Qt消息对话框");
- mac样式:
- win样式:
QFileDialog文件对话框:
QString fileNmae = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, "选择一个文件", path, fileter);
QString path = QFileDialog::getExistingDirectory(this, "选择一个目录【非文件】", currPath, QFileDialog::ShowDirsOnly); //最后一个参数,表示只显示路径
QString fileNmae = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, "保存文件", path, fileter);
QColorDialog颜色对话框:
颜色对话框如下图所示
QColor color = QColorDialog::getColor(initColor, this, "选择颜色");
QFontDialog字体对话框:
bool ok = false;
QFont font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, initFont);
标准消息输入对话框:
QString text = QInputDialog::getText(this, "输入文字对话框", "请输入一个字符串", QLineEdit::Normal, "默认输入的字符串", &ok);
QStringList list;
list<<"2019-10-02"<<"04:28"<<"在武汉的卧室"<<"敲代码"<<"这会没有困意";
int index = 0;
bool editable = true; //ComboBox是否可编辑
bool ok = false;
QString text = QInputDialog::getItem(this, "输入item对话框", "请选择一个item", list, index, editable, &ok);
bool ok = false;
int val = QInputDialog::getInt(this, "输入整数对话框", "请输入一个整数改变字体大小", size, min, max, stepVal, &ok);
bool ok = false;
double ret = QInputDialog::getDouble(this, "输入浮点数对话框", "请输入一个整数改变字体大小", d, min, max, val, &ok);
运行效果:
源码分析:
其中核心部分的源码,重点和一些难点以及需要注意的一些地方,贴出来如下,
其中 .h 文件如下:
#ifndef EXDIALOG_H
#define EXDIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
namespace Ui {
class ExDialog;
}
class ExDialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit ExDialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~ExDialog();
private slots:
void on_btnOpenFile_clicked(); //打开一个文件
void on_btnOpenFiles_clicked(); //打开多个文件
void on_btnExistingDir_clicked(); //选择已有目录
void on_btnGetColor_clicked(); //选择颜色
void on_btnGetFont_clicked(); //选择字体
void on_btnSaveFile_clicked(); //保存文件
void on_btnQuestion_clicked();
void on_btnInformation_clicked();
void on_btnWarning_clicked();
void on_btnCritical_clicked();
void on_btnAbout_clicked();
void on_btnAboutQt_clicked();
void on_btnGetString_clicked(); //输入字符串
void on_btnGetItem_clicked(); //item选择输入
void on_btnInt_clicked(); //输入整数
void on_btnDouble_clicked(); //输入浮点数
private:
Ui::ExDialog *ui;
};
#endif // EXDIALOG_H
其中 .cpp 文件如下:
#include "ExDialog.h"
#include "ui_ExDialog.h"
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QColorDialog>
#include <QFontDialog>
#include <QInputDialog>
#include <QMessageBox>
ExDialog::ExDialog(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::ExDialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setWindowTitle(QObject::tr("文件、颜色、字体、保存、消息、输入等对话框使用"));
}
ExDialog::~ExDialog()
{
delete ui;
}
//标准文件对话框QFileDialog+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
void ExDialog::on_btnOpenFile_clicked()
{
QString path = QDir::currentPath(); //获取应用程序当前目录
QString fileter = "文本文件(*.txt);;图片文件(*.jpg *.gif);;所有文件(*.*)";
QString fileNmae = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, "选择一个文件", path, fileter);
if (! fileNmae.isEmpty()) {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(fileNmae);
}
}
void ExDialog::on_btnOpenFiles_clicked()
{
QString path = QDir::currentPath(); //获取应用程序当前目录
QString fileter = "文本文件(*.txt);;图片文件(*.jpg *.gif);;所有文件(*.*)";
QStringList fileNmaeList = QFileDialog::getOpenFileNames(this, "选择多个文件", path, fileter);
for (int i = 0; i < fileNmaeList.count(); i++) {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(fileNmaeList.at(i));
}
}
void ExDialog::on_btnExistingDir_clicked()
{
QString currPath = QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath(); //获取应用程序当前目录
QString path = QFileDialog::getExistingDirectory(this, "选择一个目录【非文件】", currPath, QFileDialog::ShowDirsOnly); //最后一个参数,表示只显示路径
if (!path.isEmpty()) {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(path);
}
}
void ExDialog::on_btnGetColor_clicked()
{
QPalette pal = ui->plainTextEdit->palette(); //获取条调色板
QColor initColor = pal.color(QPalette::Text);
QColor color = QColorDialog::getColor(initColor, this, "选择颜色");
if (color.isValid()) { //因为没有.isEmpty(),故而使用.isValid()来判断
pal.setColor(QPalette::Text, color);
ui->plainTextEdit->setPalette(pal);
}
}
void ExDialog::on_btnGetFont_clicked()
{
QFont initFont = ui->plainTextEdit->font();
bool ok = false;
QFont font = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok, initFont);
if (ok)
ui->plainTextEdit->setFont(font);
}
void ExDialog::on_btnSaveFile_clicked()
{
QString path = QDir::currentPath(); //获取应用程序当前目录
QString fileter = "头文件(*.h);;源文件(*.cpp);;所有文件(*.*)";
QString fileNmae = QFileDialog::getSaveFileName(this, "保存文件", path, fileter);
if (!fileNmae.isEmpty())
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(fileNmae);
}
//标准消息对话框+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
void ExDialog::on_btnQuestion_clicked()
{
QMessageBox::StandardButton ret = QMessageBox::question(this, "问题消息对话框", "question对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No | QMessageBox::Close, QMessageBox::NoButton);
switch (ret) {
case QMessageBox::Yes: {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("QMessageBox::yes 按钮被选中");
break;
}
case QMessageBox::No: {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("QMessageBox::No 按钮被选中");
break;
}
case QMessageBox::Close: {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("QMessageBox::Close 按钮被选中");
break;
}
default: {
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("这是 switch 的default 的选项");
break;
}
}
}
void ExDialog::on_btnInformation_clicked()
{
QMessageBox::information(this, "信息消息对话框", "information对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Ok, QMessageBox::NoButton);
}
void ExDialog::on_btnWarning_clicked()
{
QMessageBox::warning(this, "警告消息对话框", "warning对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Ok, QMessageBox::NoButton);
}
void ExDialog::on_btnCritical_clicked()
{
QMessageBox::critical(this, "危机消息对话框", "critical对话框的内容", QMessageBox::Ok, QMessageBox::NoButton);
}
void ExDialog::on_btnAbout_clicked()
{
QMessageBox::about(this, "关于消息对话框", "abou 作者: 投我以木李,报之以琼玖");
}
void ExDialog::on_btnAboutQt_clicked()
{
QMessageBox::aboutQt(this, "关于Qt消息对话框");
}
//标准输入对话框QInputDialog+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
void ExDialog::on_btnGetString_clicked()
{
bool ok = false;
QString text = QInputDialog::getText(this, "输入文字对话框", "请输入一个字符串", QLineEdit::Normal, "默认输入的字符串", &ok);
if (ok && !text.isEmpty())
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(text);
}
void ExDialog::on_btnGetItem_clicked()
{
QStringList list;
list<<"2019-10-02"<<"04:28"<<"在武汉的卧室"<<"敲代码"<<"这会没有困意";
int index = 0;
bool editable = true; //ComboBox是否可编辑
bool ok = false;
QString text = QInputDialog::getItem(this, "输入item对话框", "请选择一个item", list, index, editable, &ok);
if (ok && !text.isEmpty())
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(text);
}
void ExDialog::on_btnInt_clicked()
{
int min = 0;
int max = 100;
int stepVal = 3;
int size = ui->plainTextEdit->font().pointSize();
bool ok = false;
int val = QInputDialog::getInt(this, "输入整数对话框", "请输入一个整数改变字体大小", size, min, max, stepVal, &ok);
if (ok) {
QFont font = ui->plainTextEdit->font();
font.setPointSize(val);
ui->plainTextEdit->setFont(font);
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("字体大小已经被设置为:" + QString::number(val));
}
}
void ExDialog::on_btnDouble_clicked()
{
int min = 0;
int max = 100;
int d = 2; //小数点的位数
double val = 3.1415;
bool ok = false;
double ret = QInputDialog::getDouble(this, "输入浮点数对话框", "请输入一个整数改变字体大小", d, min, max, val, &ok);
if (ok)
ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("浮点数大小为:" + QString::number(ret, 'f', 4));
}
源码下载:
https://github.com/xmuli/QtExamples【QtQDialogEx】