简 述: 最近使用网络,对于请求头和协议头,有一处挠头了下,看到这一篇有些触发后面实现了,觉得写得还挺好的,且后面可能正好要改进使用 Cookies
和 ssl
,先摆着在这里;
[TOC]
本文初发于 “偕臧的小站“,同步转载于此。
所使用的Qt版本:5.14.0
本例子基于这篇博客中的例子:《Qt使用HTTPS协议访问网站》
接收Cookies:
Cookie由返回的QNetworkReply获取,Qt已经做得很好了,我们只需要调用相关函数即可,像其他响应消息的头也可以由类似的方式获取。
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include "TestNet.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
TestNet One;
One.GetWeb();
return a.exec();
}
//main.cpp
#include <QtNetwork>
#include <iostream>
#include <QFile>
class TestNet : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
QNetworkAccessManager *m_manager = NULL;
QNetworkRequest *m_request = NULL;
//访问网站
void GetWeb()
{
//建立新对象
m_manager = new QNetworkAccessManager();
m_request = new QNetworkRequest(QUrl("https://gitee.com/"));
//设置SSL连接
QSslConfiguration config;
QSslConfiguration conf = m_request->sslConfiguration();
conf.setPeerVerifyMode(QSslSocket::VerifyNone);
conf.setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1SslV3);
m_request->setSslConfiguration(conf);
//连接槽
QObject::connect(m_manager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&TestNet::GetWebFinished);
//发送Get请求
m_manager->get(*m_request);
}
//访问后做的操作
void GetWebFinished(QNetworkReply *reply)
{
//转换为utf-8编码,这样就可以显示中文了
QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("utf8");
QString getData = codec->toUnicode(reply->readAll());
//获取Cookies
if(reply->hasRawHeader("Set-Cookie"))
{
QByteArray cookie = reply->rawHeader("Set-Cookie");
std::cout<<cookie.toStdString();
}
}
};
//TestNet.h
发送Cookies:
首先我们先看一下用Fiddler抓包软件截取的Http请求包。
POST https://gitee.com/check_user_login HTTP/1.1
Host: gitee.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Referer: https://gitee.com/login
X-CSRF-Token: GbYJaqAJEXGRYoNtYXUlzdw06JNrqC1FGO7wJO8L+J8=
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 22
Origin: https://gitee.com
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: user_locale=zh-CN; oschina_new_user=false; Hm_lvt_24f17767262929947cc3631f99bfd274=1587994350,1587994363,1587994651,1587995075; remote_way=http; gitee-session-n=cVdXY3BBSG91a2JSWXRsR0gybVNZTXB6UUZoZU11dzdnNERRVjJNUmRSUzQ0NzZ5YkFHNjM5cG1Lbk82RHYrclVaQzRURjZIbFRsSGkybm1FQmdVR1M2dFJPZmhFdXNCK0JrRk9DVEVBQXdnVXF2V2tuYWw3aXRURUlEWkV6aXc0VUlwRGtJb1dCd0g2NFVxeW1IMC9MSHU2dnJHck1kY213ZEdDcWFFOU1OZTZtTWdKN1VkYVNTdGxVaUpIMUtpLS02K0Z1VzBFOHQyQ1FXWXpSYlhSZEVBPT0%3D--631c43af162f79e53290d6e86ac1ada72f92ffed; tz=Asia%2FShanghai; Hm_lpvt_24f17767262929947cc3631f99bfd274=1587995076
这是我在登陆Gitee网站时浏览器发出的POST请求头,那么请问,这个请求头中有多少个cookie?
答案是:有7个(有多少个等号就有多少个cookie,每个cookie用 ; 分隔开来)
至少按照Qt的方式是这样理解的(狗头)
所以,我们一般叫这玩意作:cookies
而每一个cookie有两个基本属性,等号之前的属性名称为“name”,等号后面的属性为“value”;
代码如下:
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include "TestNet.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
TestNet One;
One.GetWeb();
return a.exec();
}
//main.cpp
#include <QtNetwork>
#include <iostream>
#include <QFile>
class TestNet : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
QNetworkAccessManager *m_manager = NULL;
QNetworkRequest *m_request = NULL;
QList<QNetworkCookie> Web_cookies; //这么做的意图很明显了吧,QNetworkCookie是每一个cookie,QList是cookies
//访问网站
void GetWeb()
{
//建立新对象
m_manager = new QNetworkAccessManager();
m_request = new QNetworkRequest(QUrl("https://gitee.com/"));
//设置SSL连接
QSslConfiguration config;
QSslConfiguration conf = m_request->sslConfiguration();
conf.setPeerVerifyMode(QSslSocket::VerifyNone);
conf.setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1SslV3);
m_request->setSslConfiguration(conf);
//设置cookies
Web_cookies.push_back(QNetworkCookie("Name","Value"));
Web_cookies.push_back(QNetworkCookie("Test","Net"));
//向请求头里加入cookies
QVariant var;
var.setValue(Web_cookies);
m_request->setHeader(QNetworkRequest::CookieHeader,var);
//连接槽
QObject::connect(m_manager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&TestNet::GetWebFinished);
//发送Get请求
m_manager->get(*m_request);
}
//访问后做的操作
void GetWebFinished(QNetworkReply *reply)
{
//NULL
}
};
//TestNet.h
然后呢,发送的Http请求头如下:
GET https://gitee.com/ HTTP/1.1
Host: gitee.com
Cookie: Name=Value; Test=Net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,en,*
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
有什么问题就不要留言了,不是我无情,而是我是“全宿制”学生党,我也很无奈。
参考:
转载原文:Qt网络编程之使用cookie